There are many different designs of gaskets based on industrial use, chemical exposure and physical parameters:
plate liner
When a piece of material has a "stamped" pad shape, it is a plate pad. In the past, compressed asbestos was commonly used as a material, but now more fibrous materials like graphite are used. These liners can meet different chemical requirements depending on the inertness of the materials used. Non-asbestos backing sheets are durable, have a variety of properties, and are thick. The material can be mineral, carbon or nitrile synthetic rubber. Applications that include acids, caustic chemicals, steam or mild caustic can be achieved using a plate liner. Elasticity and good recovery space prevent breakage of the liner when installing the liner.
solid material backing
Solid materials are usually metal materials, and their production costs are low. But these liners usually have a higher level of quality control and can usually withstand higher temperatures and pressures. The key disadvantage is that large compression of the solid metal is necessary in order to be flush with the flange head and prevent leakage. The choice of materials is more difficult, as metals are mainly used and there is a risk of process contamination and oxidation. Another disadvantage is that the metal used must be softer than the flange.
Spiral wound gasket
Spiral wound gaskets consist of a mixture of metal and filler material [2] . Generally, the liner has a metal (usually carbon rich or stainless steel) wound outwards around a circular helix (other shapes are possible) and the filler material (usually a soft graphite) in the same Way to wrap, but start on the opposite side. This forms alternating layers of fill and metal. The filler material of these gaskets acts as a sealing element, and the metal provides structural support.
These have proven reliable in most applications and have lower clamping forces than solid liners, albeit at a higher cost.
Double liner
Double liner is another combination of filler material and metal material. In this application, a tube similar to "C" is made of metal, and the other is also made "C" to make the thickest where the tubes meet. Packing is inserted between the housing and the workpiece. When in use, due to the larger amount of metal, at the two tips in contact (due to the shell/sheet interaction), these two places take on the burden of the sealing process. Since all that is required is a shell and a part, these liners can be made of almost any material that can be thinned and then stuffed with a filler.
compaction pad
The compacted gasket is installed in the rectangular groove like the O-ring and the X-ring, so that the O-ring section has a large compression margin, and a large contact stress is generated between the gasket and the sealing surface. This stress plays a role in sealing gaskets, which are classified into O-rings, five-edge sealing rings, X-rings, etc.
gland gasket
Gland gaskets, commonly known as stuffing gaskets, are mainly used for the sealing of rotary shafts. It is stuffed in the stuffing box where the shafts of pumps and compressors pass through to prevent leakage. The shape of the cross section of this packing is square, circular, trapezoidal, quadrilateral or circular, and it is made into a circle or a spiral. It is wound around the shaft in a shape or rope shape, stuffed in sequence and fastened with a gland for use. Gland seals can be combined into various forms with various materials, and there are many types of them. Generally, there are braided packing, layered forming packing, metal packing and so on. Braided filler is made of twisted yarn as a material by a weaving method, and there are figure-eight weaving, bag-like weaving, lattice weaving, etc.